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Monga is a Bengali term referring to the yearly cyclical phenomenon of poverty and hunger in Bangladesh. It is also called "mora Kartik," which means "months of death and disaster." It refers to two times per year, from September-November (after the ''aman'' crop is planted) and from March-April (after the ''boro'' crop is planted).〔 These natural phenomena lead to fewer available job opportunities for rural workers, resulting in the workers becoming migrant and moving to towns. Those who cannot migrate can face malnutrition and starvation.〔 The public awareness of Monga has risen with media focus in the 2000s. It was cited in Bangladesh’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, and has been the subject of NGO aid programs. ==Risk and vulnerability== The risk of monga is identified by the Overseas Development Institute as resulting from/being:〔Rebecca Holmes, John Farrington, Taifur Rahman and Rachel Slater (2008) (Extreme poverty in Bangladesh: Protecting and promoting rural livelihoods ) London: Overseas Development Institute〕 * external shocks (e.g. an earthquake or financial crisis) * stresses – predictable events that form part of the family life-cycle (e.g. old age or weddings) * idiosyncratic * covariate (large areas affected by one phenomenon such as drought) * acute (e.g. an epidemic) * chronic (e.g. degeneration of resource productivity under increasing population pressure) Vulnerability is also a complex combination of the following:〔 * Physical: areas prone to natural disasters such as floods or cyclones * Economic: caused by factors such as indebtedness and low, seasonal or unreliable income. * Social: e.g. gender inequality and lack of social capital and/or networks. There are many negative coping strategies employed and this can have both a short-term impact (e.g. reducing food consumption), but it also threatens households' long term ability to help themselves out of the crisis as they are forced to sell productive assets.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monga (Bangladesh)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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